Research Problems

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The following are the research problems that I have formulated based on our discussions. I will try to add more as we progress in the course.

  1. Confidence and Proficiency in the use of the English Language: Descriptive-correlational
  2. Correlation between Overconfidence and Performance in Examinations : Descriptive-correlational
  3. Students’ Performance and Teaching Style : Descriptive-correlational
  4. Effect of Modern Approaches of Teaching to Students’ Performance : Experimental
  5. Difference Between Use of Mother-Tongue and Use of Bi-lingual Medium of Instruction : Experimental
  6. Effect of No-Failing Policy on Students’ Performance: Experimental
  7. Effect of Class-size on Elementary, Secondary and Tertiary Students’ Performance : Experimental

My Learning Perspective

Things that you remember are the things that you learned.

This is my personal definition of learning. True enough, things that we can remember are the things that we actually have learned in the process of acquiring it. Those that were not are mere  passing thoughts. This however is based on the cognitive perspective of learning.

If I will translate this into behavioral context, this view will be stated as

Things that you can do are the things you learned

Learning is necessary for a student to academically excel. Although there is a direct and positive relationship between both, a student may learn sufficiently but still have fair performance in class if the the test items covered in the exam are not within what he has read or studied. Another example is on board performance. A high rating in this one-shot test could not measure everything that the student nurse has learned throughout the 4-year course. Hence, academic achievement is the extent that the student has attained in school and learning is a big part of part.

What about you? How would you define learning?

Why this is NOT an Experimental Research?

I am puzzled by the discussion about experimental research retrieved at http://psych.csufresno.edu/psy144/Content/Design/Types/experimental.html

Experimental studies attempt to demonstrate a causal relationship between two or more things. They typically involve two or more groups (control group and experimental group) that are randomly assigned (people are picked at random to be in each group). For example, a teacher may implement a new computerized math program with half of her class and have the other class stick to methods she used before. Then she might use pre- and post-tests to determine if the math program made a difference in achievement. Notice that the teacher in this scenario made a change and is trying to prove causation.

 Now, this example is not a true experimental study because it takes place in the classroom and does not have all of the controls that a true experiment would have. However, it’s as close as we can get in the classroom. We call this, or any research that is directed by the teacher in the classroom, action research.

If the example is NOT AT TRUE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY, what then is this type of research?

Key (1997) identified the essentials of experimental research listed below:

Essentials of Experimental Research

 

Manipulation of an independent variable.

 

An attempt is made to hold all other variables except the dependent variable constant – control.

 

Effect is observed of the manipulation of the independent variable on the dependent variable – observation

In example given above, the independent variable that is manipulated is the type of math program and the dependent variable is the achievement of students determined by pre- and post-tests. Depending on the researcher, the control group could be the class that received that traditional math program and the experimental group is the one where the teacher has implemented the new computerized math program. The samples were selected at random thus the study cannot be assumed to be a quasi-experiment.

Can you help me clarify my knowledge about this?

Thank you.

References: 1 Key, J.P. (1997). Research Design in Occupational Education. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved May 12, 2013 from http://www.okstate.edu/ag/agedcm4h/academic/aged5980a/5980/newpage2.htm

Creating Links between Concepts

I would like to share this reflection of the two topics that we had previously. It has been said that for learning to be effective, creating connections about what you have studied improves it. Presented in the chart below are the similarities of Dr. Chew’s “Beliefs that make you Stupid” and  Schommer’s “Dimensions of Epistemiological Beliefs”. This parallelism is linked with definition of epistemology which is the study of knowledge and justified belief (Steup, 2012). 

Beliefs that make you Stupid

Dimensions of Epistemiological Beliefs

  • Learning is fast
  • Knowledge is composed of isolated fact
  • Being good at a subject is a matter of inborn talent
  • Speed of knowledge
  • Organization of knowledge
  • Control

 

   

Reference: Steup, Matthias. (2012). Epistemology. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 12, 2013 from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/

The WORDPRESS e-Journal, a Concrete Example of Learning

Working on this e-Journal is a concrete example of what and how learning is all about. The three basic criteria of learning identified by Schunk (2012) encompass this learning experience.

  • Change. It means something that is different from what it was before. From not knowing about how create a blog on wordpress to creating a stimulating, creative blog site.
  • Endurance over time. From the start of the course week until the end, I and this learning journal will the best of friends. Even if the course will come to its conclusion, I know I will be able to manage how to work on wordpress.
  • Consequence of experience. I learned because I had hands on experience of how to create a blogsite on wordpress. Having not created this account on my own would stand for a learning failure on my part.  

Intelligence: Nature or Nurture?

The scientific twin research by the British psychologist Dr. Burton cited in Mueller (2010) has shown that

about 60% of our intelligence depends on genetic factors and 40% depend on environmental factors.

I think this best explains of whether Intelligence is an inborn trait or can be acquired. However, conclusion is still open to doubt.

Having this in mind, it is safe to say that intelligence is influenced by various factors, both by genetics and the environment. 123 Test website further explained that it is the genetic component that determines the upper limit of intelligence and environment determines whether you will actually reach this maximum level.

References:
1.Mueller, S. (2010). Intelligence – inherited, environmental or acquired? Retrieved May 10, 2013 from http://www.planetofsuccess.com/blog/2010/intelligence-inherited-environmental-or-acquired/
2.123 Test. Is intelligence hereditary or acquired? Retrieved May 10, 2013 http://www.123test.com/is-intelligence-hereditary/

On Metacognition and Self-Regulation

How has some understanding about metacognition and self-regulation helped me plan ahead for this course (and perhaps other courses)?

What, related to this new understanding, can I promise myself in terms of specific actions (and goals) for the near future?

One important learning I gained about metacognition is understand what you are reading or studying. Deep level processing of information is vital to learning. Self-monitoring of learning is on way to achieve academic success.

I am actually a victim of reading without comprehending especially when I was in high school. I used to memorize my notes and lessons. It made me realize that I’m learning the wrong way.

As I trace how I came to have this type of habit, one thing crossed my mind. I developed this because of the teaching strategy employed by my teachers and most of my former professors. To Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, learning occurs in a social context. Examinations given during my high school years were mostly objective type and require a lot of memorization of isolated facts. I don’t know if we share the same experience on this matter but I believe most of us do. More so when I reached college. In nursing, facts are very important. We have to memorize procedures, normal values of laboratory findings, the disease process and the list goes on. This may be because nursing is a science where we must follow specific rules and study empirical data. Even Dr. Chew would agree that if teachers let us memorize isolated facts, we must abide because if not, sure thing is, you’ll end up failing the course.

When I started my teaching career at a very early age (that was after my college graduation), I used to impose the same strategy and way of learning to my students. I was a novice then, and as one, I work and is guided by rules. I memorized my lectures, but a few weeks after, I easily forget it. Integrating concepts was also painstaking.

I appreciated the importance of metacognition when I started teaching in review classes. Answering drill questions was and is the strategy of my boss. I wondered why students got low scores in their drill exam. So what I did was, I observe each one of them on how they answered the questions. Surprisingly, there were students who were answering the questions without really understanding what is being asked by the question. Result was, they were unable to get the right answer. I also noticed that there were some questions that only require understanding in order to answer it correctly; unfortunately, some of my students were caught in that trap. And this boils down lack of comprehension.

As a teacher and student, deep processing of topics and understanding of concepts is imperative. This I believe will make learning effective and will lead to mastery of the topic.

In distance education, you are heavily responsible for your own learning hence necessitates self-control. Self regulation is primarily is self control. A deep understanding and comprehension of the modules given are needed in order for you to actively participate in the discussion. Time should under be your control. Managing it wisely is an essential ingredient for a distance learner’s success.

Learning all of these, I promise to be in charge of my own learning, monitoring my progress in the course, devote time for studying and to read with understanding.